Basics of Archaea
Archaea is found in the Domain Archaea. I know that's a very hard concept to wrap your head around. It is the only Kingdom found in this Domain as well. It is a unicellular organism, and a prokaryotic cell. There is a cell wall present without peptidoglycans. These organisms can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. They are also said to be formed around 3 billion years ago, or in the Pre-Cambrian era.
Halobacterium Salinarum
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This type of bacteria has evolved to live in high salinity environments such as the Dead Sea. Halobacteria also have an adaptation where they would be able to live on Mars because they have developed a thin crust of salt on them, which can moderate the ultraviolet light.